Ukuze kuncibilikiswe izinto zombili izinhlangothi zesixhumi esibonakalayo ngasikhathi sinye futhi kusungulwe isibopho esinamandla amakhulu sesifunda esincane, indawo yokugxila ye-laser kumele igxile ngqo kusampula, okufaka izidingo eziqinile ekunembileni kokucubungula kohlelo lokushisela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yokuphakama okukhulu kwe-axial kwe-Gaussian beam ngemva kokugxila, izinga lokushisa lensimu yokugxila alilingani, okwenza kube lula ukwakha amaphutha amancane nangenawo i-nano-void esifundeni esithintekile yi-laser, okuthinta ikhwalithi yokuxhuma yesampula.
Ubuchwepheshe bokubumba ukukhanya kwendawo bungasetshenziswa ukukhiqiza imisebe ye-Bessel engahleliwe ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusatshalaliswa kokuqina kwensimu yokugxila kwe-laser. Le ndlela yehlisa i-axial intensity gradient futhi yandisa ubude bokugxila, ngaleyo ndlela yandisa isilinganiso sokujula nobubanzi besifunda somphumela wokushisa esakhiwe yi-laser. Ngenxa yalokho, kunciphisa izidingo zokunemba kokugxila kohlelo lokuxhuma lwe-laser, okuthuthukisa ikhwalithi kanye nokusebenza kahle kokushisela.
1. Ukukhiqizwa kanye Nomklamo Wepharamitha Wemisebe Ye-Bessel Engaphazamisi
Ngo-1987, uDurnin waqala ukuphakamisa umsebe we-Bessel olandelanayo ongu-zero, okhombisa izakhiwo ezihlukile ezingaphazamisi: ukusatshalaliswa kwawo kokukhanya okuphambeneyo akushintshi ngesikhathi sokusabalala, futhi ubukhulu bendawo ephakathi buhlala buseduze nomkhawulo wokusabalalisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imisebe ye-Bessel nayo ibonisa isici sokuziphilisa ngesikhathi sokusabalala. Lapho indawo ephakathi ivinjiwe, ukukhanya okuzungezile kuzohlangana kuya enkabeni ukuze "kulungiswe" indawo ephakathi. Inkulumo yezibalo yokusatshalaliswa kwensimu yokukhanya okuphambeneyo komsebe we-Bessel olandelanayo ongu-zero yile:
Kule nkulumo:
- I-J0 imelela umsebenzi we-Bessel we-zero-order.
- u-r no-φ yizinto ezihlanganisa i-radial kanye ne-angular coordinate, ngokulandelana.
- u-z ibanga lokusabalala.
- I-Kr ne-Kz yizinto eziguquguqukayo kanye ne-longitudinal wavevector, ngokulandelana.
Indawo eyinhloko ephakathi yomsebe we-Bessel olandelanayo u-zero inekhono eliqinile lokuvalela, okuvumela amazinga okushiswa kwemisebe angu-TW/cm² noma ngaphezulu, okungavusa ngempumelelo ukumuncwa okungeyona i-linear ezintweni. Okubaluleke kakhulu, isici sokusabalala okungahlukanisi kwemisebe ye-Bessel olandelanayo unikeza ukujula okukhulu kokugxila kanye ne-gradient encane ye-axial intensity, ngaleyo ndlela kudala insimu yokushisa ecishe ifane futhi kucindezele ukwakheka kwamaphutha okushiswa.
Isithombe esilandelayo sibonisa ukuqhathaniswa kobude be-focal beams ze-Bessel kanye ne-Gaussian beams ngaphansi kwamandla afanayo okuvalelana. I-Bessel beams inokujula okukhulu kokugxila ngenkathi igcina ububanzi be-focal spot obuhamba phambili obusezingeni le-micron.
Kunezindlela eziningana zokukhiqiza imisebe ye-Bessel engahleliwe kahle, futhi lezi zindlela ezintathu eziyinhloko ezilandelayo zivamile:
Indlela Yokuvula I-Annular: Indlela yokuvula i-annular, njengoba igama lisho, ihilela ukusebenzisa umgoqo we-annular ukukhiqiza imishayo ye-Bessel. Lena futhi kwakuyindlela yokuqala ephumelelayo yokukhiqiza imishayo ye-Bessel. Umdwebo ongezansi ubonisa indlela yokuvula i-annular yokukhiqiza imishayo ye-Bessel. Igagasi lendiza liwela ngqo emgoqo we-annular kusuka kwesobunxele bese kwenzeka ukuphambuka.
Ngemva kwalokho, ilensi enhle yenza ushintsho lwe-Fourier, okuholela ekwakhekeni kogongolo lwe-Bessel ngemuva kwelensi. Ibanga lokusabalala elingaphazamisi i-Zmax lihlobene nobubanzi buka-d besikhala se-annular kanye nokuvulwa kwelensi ngezinombolo.
Nakuba le ndlela ingakhiqiza imisebe ye-Bessel engahleliwe kahle, ukusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa kwamandla kuphansi kakhulu, okwenza kube nzima ukuyisebenzisa emikhakheni yokucubungula nge-laser.
Indlela ye-Spatial Light Modulator: Inqubo yokukhiqiza i-Bessel beam engu-zero-order empeleni inqubo yokushintsha ukusatshalaliswa kwesigaba somsebe. Ngakho-ke, i-Bessel beam engu-zero-order ingakhiqizwa kusetshenziswa i-space light modulator. I-spatial light modulator uhlobo lwedivayisi ye-optoelectronic modulation elawula ukuqina kwensimu yokukhanya kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwesigaba ngamasignali kagesi. I-zero-order Bessel beam ingakhiqizwa ngokusebenzisa isigaba se-conical lens, njengoba kuboniswe esithombeni esingezansi, kuphaneli yokusebenza ye-spatial light modulator.
Indlela ye-Axicon: I-axicon ingenye yezinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ezisekelwe engilazini ezisebenzisa ingilazi ukuze kukhiqizwe imisebe ye-Bessel. Uma umsebe we-Gaussian uvame ukuwela futhi udlule ku-axicon, ukusatshalaliswa kwawo kwesigaba kuyaguqulwa, kuguqulwe kube umsebe we-Bessel ongekho oda ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa amandla, njengoba kuboniswe esithombeni esingezansi.
Ngenxa yezindleko eziphansi, ukulula kokusebenzisa, kanye nomkhawulo womonakalo we-laser ophezulu wama-axicon engilazi, kanye nokusebenza kahle kwawo kwamandla okuphezulu kakhulu, ama-axicon ayisinqumo esiyinhloko sokukhiqiza imisebe ye-Bessel emfushane kakhulu emkhakheni wokucubungula nge-laser. Isithombe esingezansi sibonisa i-schematic yokunciphisa imisebe kanye nokudluliswa komsebe we-Bessel ongekho oda. Ngokulungisa ukukhuliswa kanye nokuqondiswa kohlelo lokuthwebula lwe-4f, ibanga lokusabalala elingahlukanisi, i-engeli ye-half-cone, kanye ne-engeli yokuthambekela ohlangothini lokusabalala lomsebe we-Bessel kungalawulwa kalula.
Uma umsebe we-Bessel olandelanayo ongu-zero one-engeli ye-half-cone engu-Ɵ1 kanye nebanga lokusabalala elingena-diffraction le-Zmax lidlula ohlelweni lwe-4f olwakhiwe ilensi (L1) kanye nelensi eqondile (L2), ubukhulu bejometri buzocindezelwa kakhulu. Ukwandiswa kwe-lateral cishe kungu-M=f1/f2=5, kanti ukwandiswa kwe-longitudinal cishe kungu-M2=25. Ngakho-ke, isithombe sokugcina somsebe we-Bessel olandelanayo ongu-zero ngaphakathi kwesampula singamelwa yimingcele yejometri:
Amapharamitha ejiyometri womsebe weBessel athathwe ngaphakathi kwesampula yengilazi ye-quartz ngaphansi kwama-engeli ahlukene ekhoni kanye nokukhulisa ukucindezela komsebe.
| i-axial apex angle α (°) | Irediyasi yokufakwayo yogongolo d(mm) | (um) | M=f1/f2 | Ɵ2 (°) | I-Zmax2 | |
| 0.5 | 3.8 | 1.03 | 20 | 3.1 | 3504 | 10.04 |
| 0.5 | 3.8 | 1.03 | 30 | 4.7 | 1555 | 6.7 |
| 0.5 | 3.8 | 1.03 | 40 | 6.2 | 873 | 5.02 |
| 0.5 | 3.8 | 1.03 | 50 | 7.8 | 558 | 4.02 |
| 1 | 3.8 | 1.03 | 20 | 6.2 | 1747 | 5.02 |
| 1 | 3.8 | 1.03 | 30 | 9.3 | 772 | 3.36 |
| 1 | 3.8 | 1.03 | 40 | 12.4 | 432 | 2.52 |
| 1 | 3.8 | 1.03 | 50 | 15.5 | 274 | 2.04 |
| 2.5 | 3.8 | 1.03 | 20 | 15.5 | 684 | 2.04 |
| 2.5 | 3.8 | 1.03 | 30 | 23.3 | 294 | 1.38 |
| 2.5 | 3.8 | 1.03 | 40 | 38.83 | 94.4 | 0.86 |
Ukusatshalaliswa kokuqina kwensimu yokugxila kogongolo lweBessel
- r kanye no-z: Izingxenye ze-radial kanye ne-axial coordinate, ngokulandelana.
- λ: Ubude be-wavelength obuphakathi kwe-laser.
- w: irediyasi engu-1/e² yomsebe we-Gaussian owenzekile.
- P0: Amandla aphezulu e-laser ye-pulse emfushane kakhulu.
- β1: I-engeli yekhoni eliyisigamu somsebe weBessel ngemva kokucindezelwa komsebe.
- k: Ivektha yamagagasi.
- J0: Umsebenzi we-Zero-oda Bessel.
Ukusatshalaliswa kwamandla kogongolo lwe-Bessel oluyi-zero-order ngaphakathi kwengilazi ye-quartz: Ngakwesobunxele kukhona ukusatshalaliswa kwamandla okukhanya eceleni kwendlela yokusabalala kanye nombono wesigaba esinqamulayo, kanti ngakwesokudla kukhona ukusatshalaliswa kwamandla okukhanya eceleni kwe-axis kanye nombono wesigaba esinqamulayo.
2. Izici ze-Femtosecond Pulse Bessel Beam ku-Fused Silica Glass
Isithombe (a) sibonisa ama-micrograph okuxhumana phakathi kwe-femtosecond pulse Bessel beams kanye ne-fused silica glass ngamandla ahlukene e-pulse. Ububanzi be-laser pulse buqiniswe ku-220 fs, kanti i-engeli ye-half-cone ye-Bessel beam ngaphakathi kwesampula ingu-12.4°. Kungabonakala ukuthi isifunda esithintekile nge-laser sibonisa isakhiwo esijwayelekile somugqa oqondile. Lapho amandla e-laser pulse engaphansi kuka-9.5 μJ, inkomba yokubuyisa yezinto ezisendaweni egxile kuyo iyanda, ivele njengesifunda esimnyama ku-micrograph.
Uma amandla okushaya kwe-laser edlula u-9.5 μJ, inkomba yokubuyisa izinto endaweni egxile iyancipha, ivele njengesifunda esimhlophe ku-micrograph, futhi ubude besifunda esimhlophe buyanda ngokwanda kwamandla okushaya kwe-pulse. Ngokupholisha isampula, sibone izici zesimo sendawo emhlophe kumandla okushaya kwe-pulse angu-15.4 μJ ngaphansi kwe-scanning electron microscope, njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso (b). Kungaphethwa ngokuthi i-nanopore enobubanzi obungaba ngu-200 nm yakhiwa esifundeni esinenkomba yokubuyisa encishisiwe.
Ngokusebenzisa izinhlelo zokubuka i-ion beam kanye ne-in-situ scanning electron microscope, siphinde saqinisekisa ukuba khona kwe-nanopore (Isithombe c). Ngakho-ke, ukuze kuncishiswe ukukhiqizwa kwamaphutha abangelwa yi-laser, amandla e-single pulse akufanele adlule ku-9.5 μJ ngesikhathi sokushisela nge-laser.
3. Ukufeza Ukushisela Okuncane Okusezingeni Eliphezulu Phakathi Kwezingilazi Ze-Silica Ezihlanganisiwe kusetshenziswa i-Bessel Ultrashort Pulse Laser.
Isithombe (a) sibonisa i-micrograph ebonakala phezulu ebusweni bokushisela besampula. Kungabonakala ukuthi umugqa wokushisela we-laser uyafana futhi ubushelelezi. Nakuba kusekhona amaphutha ambalwa e-micropore asakazwa ngokungahleliwe endaweni eshiselwe, iyonke, ingcono kakhulu kunomugqa wokushisela we-laser we-Gaussian. Izilinganiso zibonisa ukuthi ububanzi bomugqa wokushisela bungaba ngu-18 μm, kanti isikhala phakathi kwemigqa yokushisela singama-40 μm. Isithombe (b) sibonisa i-micrograph ebonakala eceleni yomugqa wokushisela wesampula.
Kungabonakala ukuthi igebe phakathi kwamasampula liyanyamalala ngokuphelele ngemva kokucutshungulwa nge-laser, futhi izinto eziseduze ne-interface zihlangane zaba yinto eyodwa ngemva kokudlula enkambisweni yokupholisa nokuncibilikisa ukushisa. Ukulinganisa kwembula ukuthi ukujula kwesifunda sokuncibilikisa ukushisa esibangelwa yi-laser kufinyelela ku-227 μm. Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi ngesikhathi sokushisela nge-laser ngalezi pharamitha, ukujula kwe-axial kwesikhundla esigxile kungafinyelela ku-227 μm, okuphindwe kane kunokushisela nge-laser ye-Gaussian ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo.
4. Ungawathengaphi Amalensi eBessel?
I-Wavelength Opto-Electronic inikeza amalensi e-Bessel asezingeni eliphezulu asetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokucubungula nge-laser. Ukulungiswa kokujula kokugxila komsebe wokukhipha ngokulungisa usayizi wobubanzi bomsebe wokufaka kuyisici esikhanga kakhulu salolu hlelo lwe-Bessel beam optical.
| Inombolo Yengxenye | Ubude begagasi (nm) | Ibanga Lokusebenza (mm) | Ububanzi Bokufaka Okuphezulu Komqadi (mm) | Ukujula Okugxilile Okuklanywe (mm) | Ubude obuphelele (mm) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I-BESL-355-D10-T1 | 355 | 15.50 | 10 | 1.0 | 377.00 |
| I-BESL-532-10-D10 | 532 | 11.86 | 10 | 1.5 | 202.84 |
| I-BESL-1064-D10-T2 | 1064 | 10.80 | 10 | 2.0 | 238.00 |
| I-BESL-1064-D20-T12 | 1064 | 15.00 | 20 | 12.0 | 315.05 |
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Okthoba-10-2024